Whether you’re setting up your first Haft Seen or you’ve been honoring this tradition for years, there’s always something magical about gathering symbolic items that represent rebirth, prosperity, and happiness for the year ahead. So, let’s dive into this centuries-old Persian ritual, explore its deeper meaning, and maybe even add a few modern twists to your own table.

The Origins of the Haft Seen Table

The Haft Seen table is more than just a decorative setup—it’s a tradition with ancient Persian roots, dating back over 3,000 years.

Nowruz (which means "New Day" in Persian) marks the start of spring and the Persian calendar's new year. It originated during the Achaemenid Empire and has ties to Zoroastrianism, one of the world's oldest religions. Zoroastrians celebrated Nowruz as a time of renewal, growth, and spiritual cleansing, and the idea of setting a symbolic table emerged as part of these customs.

Originally, the table was called Haft Chin, which meant "Seven Arrangements," and could include a variety of symbolic items. Over time, it evolved into Haft Seen, featuring seven specific items—all starting with the Persian letter "س" (S).

What Does ‘Haft Seen’ Mean?

The name "Haft Seen" literally translates to "Seven S's." It refers to the seven key items placed on the table, all of which start with the Persian letter س (Seen).

Why seven? In Persian culture, the number seven is sacred—it symbolizes creation, blessing, and cosmic harmony. From the seven colors of the rainbow to the seven days of the week, this number holds deep meaning across Persian history and mythology.

Now, let’s talk about what actually goes on this stunning table!

The Seven Essential Items on the Haft-Seen Table (And Their Beautiful Meanings)

No Nowruz celebration is complete without the Haft-Seen table, a beautifully arranged spread of seven symbolic items, all beginning with the Persian letter ‘S’ (س). Each item holds a deep meaning, representing hopes, blessings, and good fortune for the year ahead. While some families keep it simple, others add decorative touches with candles, mirrors, and even goldfish! No matter how it’s styled, the essence of the Haft-Seen table remains the same—it’s a tribute to new beginnings, growth, and prosperity.

Let’s explore the meaning behind each item and why it deserves a place on this festive table.

Sabzeh (سبزه) – Sprouted Wheat, Barley, or Lentils 

Symbolizes: Renewal, rebirth, and nature’s fresh start

Sabzeh is one of the most essential and visually striking items on the Haft-Seen table. It consists of wheat, barley, or lentil sprouts grown in a dish, their vibrant green shoots symbolizing the renewal of life. Much like spring itself, Sabzeh represents new beginnings—a fresh start after the cold winter months.

Many families start growing their Sabzeh weeks in advance, carefully watering and nurturing it until Nowruz arrives. On the 13th day of Nowruz (Sizdah Bedar), it is traditionally thrown into running water, symbolizing the release of negativity and bad luck from the past year.

Samanu (سمنو) – Sweet Pudding Made from Wheat Germ 

Symbolizes: Strength and patience

Samanu is a rich, sweet wheat pudding that takes hours—sometimes even days—to prepare. Made by slowly cooking wheat germ until it turns into a caramel-colored, silky-smooth dessert, Samanu is a labor of love. Its preparation requires patience, much like the process of achieving success and reaping the rewards of hard work.

Beyond its symbolic meaning, Samanu is also incredibly nutritious! Packed with vitamins and minerals, this wholesome dish has been a Nowruz staple for centuries, passed down from one generation to the next.

Senjed (سنجد) – Dried Oleaster Fruit (Lotus Tree Fruit) 

Symbolizes: Love and wisdom

The humble senjed, or dried oleaster fruit, carries a deeply poetic meaning. It is often associated with love, wisdom, and deep reflection—themes frequently found in Persian poetry. Some believe that eating senjed awakens love in the heart, making it a fruit of both romance and enlightenment.

In ancient Persian culture, this fruit was considered a healing food, believed to have medicinal properties that promote well-being. Whether enjoyed for its symbolism or its delicate sweetness, senjed is an essential part of the Haft-Seen tradition.

Seer (سیر) – Garlic 

Symbolizes: Health and protection

Garlic might not be the first thing that comes to mind when thinking of a festive table, but on Nowruz, it holds a place of great significance. Seer is believed to ward off illness and protect against negative energy, much like its traditional use in ancient medicine.

For centuries, Persian households have relied on garlic for its antibacterial and healing properties. Including it in the Haft-Seen table is a reminder to prioritize health, strength, and well-being in the year ahead.

Seeb (سیب) – Apples 

Symbolizes: Beauty and good health

Shiny, red or green apples—known as seeb—represent natural beauty, vitality, and good health. Their fresh, crisp nature reminds us of the importance of wellness, both physically and spiritually. Just as a tree bears fruit year after year, apples symbolize growth and longevity, making them a cherished part of the Nowruz tradition.

Beyond symbolism, apples are a beloved treat during Nowruz. Many families place locally sourced, perfectly ripe apples on their table, enhancing the visual appeal of their Haft-Seen display while inviting guests to indulge in a healthy and refreshing snack.

Serkeh (سرکه) – Vinegar 

Symbolizes: Patience and wisdom gained from experience

Vinegar may have a sharp taste, but its meaning is beautifully profound. Serkeh represents the wisdom, patience, and growth that come with life’s experiences. Just as grapes transform into vinegar over time, our own journeys are shaped by the lessons we learn along the way.

In Persian culture, patience is considered a virtue, and vinegar serves as a gentle reminder that great things take time. Its presence on the Haft-Seen table encourages us to embrace life’s challenges with resilience and grace.

Sumac (سماق) – Dried Persian Spice 

Symbolizes: The color of sunrise and new beginnings

The rich, deep red hue of sumac represents the rising sun and the promise of a new day. As an essential part of Persian cuisine, sumac is a bright, tangy spice that brings warmth and zest to dishes, just as the sun brings light and hope after darkness.

Including sumac on the Haft-Seen table is a beautiful way to welcome the future with optimism. It serves as a reminder that no matter how dark the past may have been, a new day is always on the horizon.

Additional Items for the Haft Seen Table

While the seven "S" items are the heart of the Haft Seen table, many families add extra elements to enhance its symbolism and beauty. These items reflect cultural beliefs, spirituality, and the festive spirit of Nowruz.

• Mirror (Ayneh): A symbol of self-reflection and truth, often placed at the center of the table to encourage clarity and wisdom in the coming year.
• Candles (Sham’): Traditionally placed on either side of the mirror, candles represent enlightenment and hope, illuminating the path ahead.
• Gold Coins (Sekkeh): Coins symbolize prosperity and financial success, often placed in a decorative bowl as a wish for wealth in the new year.
• Goldfish (Mahi): Representing life, movement, and the passage of time, a small bowl with a goldfish is a beloved feature of many Haft Seen displays. Some families now opt for symbolic fish decorations or paintings as an eco-friendly alternative. We personally love this recipe for marzipan goldfish!
• Poetry Book (Divan of Hafez) or Religious Texts (Quran): Many families include a book of Persian poetry, such as the works of Hafez or Ferdowsi, or a holy book, depending on personal beliefs, as a source of wisdom and inspiration.
• Hyacinth (Sonbol): A fragrant spring flower that brings beauty and freshness to the table, marking the arrival of the new season.
• Decorated Eggs: Representing fertility and family, colorful eggs are often painted by children and arranged as part of the display.

These additional elements make the Haft Seen table more personal and meaningful, ensuring that each family’s display reflects their unique traditions and aspirations for the year ahead.

The Beauty of the Haft-Seen Table

From the sprouting Sabzeh to the sweet depth of Samanu, each item on the Haft-Seen table carries a profound meaning, representing health, love, wisdom, and renewal. But more than just symbolism, the table is a place for family, storytelling, and connection.

As the countdown to Nowruz begins, many families gather to set up their Haft-Seen, carefully arranging each item with love and intention. The warm glow of candles, the reflection of a mirror, and the comforting aroma of fresh herbs and dried fruits create a setting that is both festive and deeply meaningful.

At Ayoub’s, we believe that food is more than just nourishment—it’s a way to celebrate culture, tradition, and togetherness. Whether you're continuing a long-held family tradition or setting up your very first Haft-Seen table, we hope this guide brings inspiration and joy to your Nowruz celebration.

How to Set Up a Beautiful Haft Seen Table

Creating a stunning Haft Seen table is an art form. Whether you're sticking to tradition or giving it a personal twist, here are some easy steps to get started:

1. Pick a central table – A coffee table or dining table works great!
2. Arrange the seven key items first – Place them in a balanced, visually pleasing way.
3. Add meaningful extras – Like a mirror, candles, or goldfish for a more festive look.
4. Use decorative elements – Fresh flowers (like hyacinths), painted eggs, and elegant dishes make everything feel extra special.
5. Enjoy the setup throughout Nowruz!

Modern Takes on the Haft Seen Table

Many people personalize their Haft Seen tables to reflect their style or values:

Minimalist Tables: Using sleek, neutral tones with simple arrangements
Eco-Friendly Versions: Replacing goldfish with symbolic artwork and growing Sabzeh in sustainable containers
Cultural Fusion: Mixing Persian elements with local traditions, especially in Iranian communities abroad

There’s no single "right way"—what matters most is honoring the tradition in a way that feels meaningful to you.

Our Connection to Nowruz

Nowruz holds a special place in our hearts. It's a time when we come together to celebrate renewal, reflect on the past year, and set intentions for the future. The traditions of Nowruz, especially the preparation of the Haft Seen table, are integral to our identity and mission.

We are committed to providing products that not only meet the highest standards of quality but also honor the rich tapestry of Persian heritage. Whether you're continuing a long-standing family tradition or discovering Nowruz for the first time, we're here to support and enrich your celebration.

FAQs About the Haft Seen Table

What if I don’t have all seven items?

You can improvise with similar items or focus on what’s most meaningful to you. The spirit of the tradition is more important than perfection!

Why do people include goldfish?

The goldfish represents life and movement. However, many now opt for symbolic fish artwork to avoid keeping live fish in a small bowl.

How long should the Haft Seen table stay up?

Traditionally, it's kept for about 13 days, until Sizdah Bedar, the Persian festival of nature, when people go outside to celebrate.

Can non-Persians participate?

Absolutely! Nowruz is about welcoming renewal and joy, and anyone can celebrate its beautiful traditions.

Keeping the Haft Seen Tradition Alive

Setting up a Haft Seen table is more than a ritual—it’s a celebration of life, growth, and optimism. Whether you're continuing a family tradition or starting a new one, this beautiful display welcomes spring with open arms.

So, light a candle, enjoy the symbolism, and welcome the Persian New Year with warmth, love, and lots of Sabzeh!